Assortment planning is gaining increasing attention in the operation research community due to recent publications on substitution models. Assortment planning models consider the question of which and how many different products to offer [32]. Kok and Fisher [33] define retail assortment planning as the process used to find the optimal set of products to be carried and set the inventory levels of each products. In 2009, Yucel [34] made a model of an assortment and inventory problem under consumer-driven
aCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ________________________________________ 1.1 DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems. A distributed system consists of multiple autonomous computers that communicate through a computer network. The computers interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal. A computer program that runs in a distributed system is called a distributed
(Gunasekaran, 2002; Sahay and Mohan, 2003). These benefits can also help reduce the need for logistics related capital investments in facilities, equipment, manpower, and information technology (Wang et al., 2006). Hence, 3PL has received considerable attention from logistics
products and its manufacturing process (Hansen, et al., 2009). As cited in Anderson and Renault (1999), Chamberlin argued that product differentiation affects marginal cost. Not only that, it also distorts the product costs by having an inaccurate allocation of overhead costs. Thus, product diversifiction influence the decision of the company in adopting cost system and its implementation. Moreover, Hansen (et al., 2009), said that firms with high product diversity are most likely to adopt
geographical point of view. With the development of society, location theory and land rent theory have been introduced into the research of land intensive use. Smith (1987) and Lambin (1994) used the land rent theory as guidance, established the land use models including natural factors and human factors to research the problem of city land intensive use. Fonseea (1981) had been put forward a series evaluation index of land development efficiency, which included density, volume ratio, building density, etc
resource allocation theory; Lipsey and Chrystal, (1999). The price system has two important functions. It rations scarce output among competing users; and prices also determine how productive resources are allocated Lipsey and Chrystal, (1992). Rationing of goods and services occurs because of the scarcity. This operates to differentiate between those “willing and able to buy from those who are able and are no longer willing to buy” Lipsey and Chrystal, (1999). Finally, the allocation of resources
mapping of spatial data (for example customers’ addresses) (Tavakoli, 1993); (Less & Gericke, 1994). In the second phase, pioneer banks and financial institutions began to use GIS technology to visualize market situations and analyze data to build models to predict the effect of strategy changes on their business performance (Harder, 1997). The integration of financial data with spatial data in a GIS based system has a lot of advantages for corporations. These advantages are recognized by banks and
Strengths in service and business model innovation create an advantage in creative remodeling of product–service ecosystems- While the revolution provoked by India’s software outsourcing story is well known, other stories of revolutionary business model innovation are less well known. Take the story of the Aravind Eye Hospital. From its beginnings as a modest 20–bed hospital in the 80s, Aravind
hypothesis savings was treated as a constant in the sense that it was a good that you bought from your income. However, his analysis trended in a different direction more towards that of Irving Fisher that who found that savings were dynamic, that the allocation of savings was done over a lifetime of consumption. The Keynesian viewpoint led to a theory that the percentage that you saved rose when your income rose and fell when your income fell. Leading to what Modigliani terms "an absurd situation where
importance of innovation as a vital activity for organizations to remain competitive on the market and as an interesting field that attract both scientific and management researchers who put their focus on defining this concepts, finding multiple models of innovation process, and inspiring different ways to measure and manage innovation in order to achieve the organizational objectives and track the way of success that lead to create a value in terms of financial incomes, organizational performance