of ethics inherent in the conceptualization of citizenship. Political theorists Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau grappled with the issue of identifying the grounds to justify membership in political space. This question of ascertaining who is a citizen becomes important in the context of increase in migration, nationalist sentiment and rising demands of recognition of statehood. In the light of an increasingly interconnected global world, how are liberal democratic states to decide who is to be included
education in ancient India were worship of God, a feeling of religion, formation of character, fulfillment of public and civic duties, and the protection and propagation of national culture. Fire sacrifices, fasting and taking vows became part of
set in motion another process of transformation in India known as Westernization. It is characterized by Western patterns of administration, legal system and education through the medium of the English language. Under the impact of the Western way of life, a sizeable section of educated and urbanized Indian adopted Western style of dress, food, drink, speech and manners. They received an impetus in the post-independence period. The independent India adopted a modern constitution, founded a secular
intergenerational mobility in incomes often results due to the impact of one’s default position (place of birth and family of birth) on the kind of opportunities that an individual gets in a lifetime. Milanvoic concluded from his studies, that citizenship and parental income can explain up to 80% variation in person’s income, while remaining 20% also includes other circumstances such as gender, age, race and luck and others over which humans have control. Another controversial study called “the