Supervisor: Mostafa Hasrati, PhD Advisor: Nouroddin Yousofi, PhD February, 2015 Acknowledgment I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to all those who contributed to this thesis. First of all, I would like to express my immense gratitude to my dear supervisor, Dr. Hasrati, for his helpful advice, encouragement and constant support. I also wish to thank my advisor, Dr. Yousofi, for his support and fruitful comments. I would also