show shifting in the paradigm of thinking and analysis, of this time in earth’s history, as scientific techniques have improved and new fossil evidence has come to light. The explosive radiation of metazoans into the extensive geological niches that existed in the early Cambrian may seem abrupt in the fossil record but in actual fact spanned many years. The fossil record during the Precambrian was dominated by stromatolites. Sedimentary
Manatees and dugongs are well-known marine mammals of the Order Sirenia that belong to a larger group known as the “subungulates,” which include elephants, hyraxes, and aardvarks (Powell, 2002). There are two extant families in the Order Sirenia, and they are Family Trichechidae (manatees) and Family Dugongidae (dugongs). In the Family Trichechidae, there are three species of manatee, and they include the West Indian manatee, the Amazonian manatee, and the West African manatee. In the Family Dugongidae
Animals that live in social groups, like wolves, are known as pack animals. These groups are usually family units organised in a strict hierarchy, with each individual animal having its own role within the pack. Pack animals form strong emotional bonds with each other, allowing them to work together as a cooperative unit, not only when hunting, but also in the defence of their territory, and when raising young. Both dogs, and wolves have similar social needs that are either met
close to the time of human arrival. Martin also asserts that the sudden explosive extinctions, which were due to overhunting, can be documented and proven, despite the fact that there is no evidence or kill sites. In Martin’s defense, he explains that fossil record seldom discloses cause of mortality, much less of extinction. Although Martin claims that large mammals were overhunted by the Clovis people, he also states that Africa and Asia suffered the least in terms of extinction of large mammals, and
Though his premise was on the human involvement, he seems to also favour the climatic change. As quoted in his article, “Climate change is frequently invoked to explain the near-time extinction spike. Geological evidence and shifting percentages of fossil pollen indicate that the late Quaternary was indeed a time of severe and rapid change” (Martin, 2005, pg.52-53). As an example he notifies us about the Galapagos tortoises. “Galapagos tortoises, died when exposed to cold weather…we cannot be certain
Though Martins views shows considerable amount of information on human involvement in extinctions, he was unable to demonstrate any solid facts that supported his theories. His main evidence was the patterns found through Willard Libby’s radiocarbon dating, the evidence displaying patterns of large mammals going extinct shortly after the arrival of humans. Martin mentions these patterns are not correlating with anything other than the arrival of humans. However, correlation does not mean it is the cause
the first round of radiocarbon dating completed in the 1970’s there have been new tests completed by Chris Turney from the Research School of earth sciences at the Australian National University (Turney, C., 2001), which have confirmed new dates passing over the old radiocarbon dating ages. These new dates have been achieved by using various types of dating processes including Accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating or more commonly known simply as Radio-Carbon dating, re-testing of emu eggshell carbonates
There are many theories of evolution that have emerged even before Charles Darwin's time. Surprisingly, many of the theories, including Darwin's own, were spot on to what we know today. In fact, Charles Darwin's grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, had the idea that species evolved from a common ancestor. Of course, Darwin is the most famous theorists of all with his theory of natural selection. Darwin is also the only one of the many evolution theorists to have evidence of evolution and natural selection
Introduction A complex nexus of science and social behavior, anthropology refers to the study of humankind that functions to explore different cultural characteristics and the history of mankind. The following essay will be revealing the biggest paleanthropology fraud in the 19th century by examining the infamous case named “The Piltdown Hoax”. There have been a multitude of controversy and criticism surrounding this particular topic, but this essay will focus on a paleoanthropological point
Robert Walters 10/12/14 Mr. Lake Marine Studies Mantis Shrimp Introduction The Mantis Shrimp also known as the Stomatopod is a crustacean that are predatory crustaceans that live in the shallow waters of tropical and subtropical seas in coral and rock burrows with over 400 species worldwide Mantis Shrimp are very diverse creatures from reproduction to behavior. Some Mantis Shrimp particularly the Peacock Mantis Shrimp which gets its name from its elongated