interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories. “The term forensic confirmation bias is best used to summarize the class of effects through which an individual’s preexisting beliefs, expectations, motives, and situational context influence the collection, perception, and interpretation of evidence during the course of a criminal case” (Kassin, Dror, & Kukucka, 2013). Forensic examiners can be persuaded in their evaluation of evidence by confirmation biases. Often forensic
and social media accounts. The purpose of the mass media is to inform the public about what is happening in America. However, this purpose is often twisted by bias. Politics and media are entangled with one another. Partisanship seeps its way into the news outlets causing them to report information that is in tune with their political bias. Outlets will begin to report in favor of Democratic or Republican platforms and will often disregard or criticize the opposing side. From a list of news sources
effort to uphold the oath of truth. In 2009, there was a study by Brandon L. Garrett and Peter J. Neufeld that explored the ¨the relationship between forensic testimony and convictions ultimately leading to exonerations based upon post-conviction DNA analysis (24).” This study of 82 cases had approximately 60% of those cases included invalid forensic evidence. These statistics are shocking but should not undermine the needs of forensic science in court cases and there is a need to provide new resources
Introduction Kaplan and Mikes use the Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion as a prime example of the shortcomings of traditional risk management. An over-reliance on rules based risk management can lead to a culture of comfort and over-confidence when it comes to risk. This rules based approach is also just not sufficient or appropriate for measuring and preparing for all types of risk. A different approach, encouraging debate and challenge is required. Explain the risk management framework outlined
Counterfeiting in Pakistan 2 Scope of Work 3 Objective 4 CHAPTER 2 5 Literature Review 5 Price 16 Value Consciousness 16 Brand Awareness 17 Social Influence 18 Gap Analysis 19 Theoretical Framework (Figure 1) 20 Hypothesis 21 CHAPTER 3 22 Methodology 22 Chapter 4 23 Findings and Analysis 23 Research Results 23 CHAPTER 5 30 Discussion and Implication 30 Managerial Implications 31 Conclusion 32 Limitations 33 Bibliography 34 Appendices 45 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT