With the introduction of this four elements criticism assumes a systematic structure. The ‘work’ refers to the artistic product itself and the second element is the artist himself. Thirdly, ‘Universe’ refers to the external objects of imitation . Lastly, is the ‘audiences’ who perceives the work of art and interprets in their own way. One notable fact is that these elements are represented in different degrees in the theories in which they occur. This discussion of Abrams on four aesthetic
art is imitation, he provides us with an example in The Republic book X, where he divides reality in three different