Adhesives Related Literature

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Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Review of Related Literature Adhesives Adhesives are capable of holding or sticking two surfaces together in a strong and often permanent bond. Adhesives may be interchangeable with glue, cement, mucilage or paste. Adhesives are typically organized by the method of adhesion. These are organized into reactive and non-reactive adhesives which refer to whether the adhesives chemically react in order to harden. (Goiler Encyclopedia of Knowledge). Therefore, The use of adhesives offers many advantages over binding techniques such as sewing, mechanical fastening, thermal bonding, etc. This includes the ability to bind different materials together and to distribute stress more efficiently across…show more content…
It is one of the two species in the genus azadirachta, and is native to India and the Indian Subcontinent including Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Typically growing in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Neem trees now also grow in islands in the southern part of Iran. It's fruits and seeds are the source of neem oil. (Yule, H and Burnell A.C, 1996). Moreover, neem probably originated in South Burma and from there, it was introduced in South Asia before the Pleistocene (1.8 million years ago). The medical properties of Neem were known to both Ayurvedic and Greek (Arabic) medical systems. The use of Neem tree as toothbrush by crushing of the end of a branchlet having the thickness of a pencil is common in the rural areas of South Asia and goes back many thousand years. (Panhwar M.H and Panhwar F.) Thus, various derivatives of the tree have potential use in toiletries, pharmaceuticals, the manufacture of agricultural implements and furniture, cattle and poultry feeds, nitrification of soils for various agricultural crops, and pest…show more content…
and Ketkar C. M. ) Chicken Leg Bones Bones are hard structures that form the framework of the bodies of animals with backbones. Bones give texture of the body. They support and protects the body's vital organs. It also stores minerals such as phosphate, sodium and calcium and releases them into the body as needed. A smooth material called cartilage makes up the ends of the long bones and usually translucent somewhat elastic tissue that composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos and except for a small number of structures is replaced by bones during ossification in the higher vertebrates which are surrounded by ligaments called joints. (Amanda C. 2012) Thus, bones' tissue weight consists of minerals, most calcium, carbonate, and phosphate. Others are made up of organic material, such as the largely fibrous protein called collagen. Collagen is a tough, fibrous protein that was mostly familiar with in the form of leather. The combination of hard minerals and tough but flexible collagen gives great strength. (World Book Encyclopedia 2000) Review of Related Studies Utilization of Discarded Chicken Leg Bones into Natural Glue Chemistry Investigatory Project

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