2. LITERATURE REVIEW
In order to grab trachoma in a community, weighing the prevalence is vital. This study could look for active inflammatory trachoma (TF & TI) mainly, and if present for blinding trachoma (TT & CO) in 1-5 years old children.
2.1. Prevalence and Grades of Trachoma
Trachoma was the leading infectious cause of blindness affecting developing countries with considerable economic loss and associated social implications (36, 37).
The prevalence of active trachoma among 1-5 years old children in Egypt (severe and moderate intensity) was 49%. The age specific prevalence of active inflammation peaked at 3 years old (60%) (38), and in Nigeria among preschool the overall prevalence of trachoma was 35.7% and in particular the prevalence of TF was 20.5%, TI was 13.9%. The prevalence of TF ⁄ TI was the highest in the 2 and 3 years age groups, while children in the 5th year age group had the…show more content… The overall prevalence of active trachoma in both woreda was 42.4% and prevalence of active trachoma among preschool children was 44.7% (44).
2.2. Risk Factors of Trachoma
The spread of trachoma was more common among pre-school children who interact with each other at play; and in whom the active infection was customary (45). A study in Niger have looked age (per one year increase) , being female , number of children living together & less than 8 years, face status, and garbage inside compound as the risk factors for trachoma in this age group (46). In Kenya, most reported causes of trachoma among children were contact with flies (33.5%) and dirty faces (23.0%) (47).
A study in Southern Sudan identified age, unclean face, less frequent face washing, cattle ownership, and increasing household fly density as independent risk factors of severe active trachoma