action is therefore one that maximises utility. Throughout the past two centuries, this utilitarian principle has been influential in politics and economics. Utility is considered
In Ethics: Approaching Moral Decisions by Arthur F. Holmes, the author attempts to break down four ethical models, consisting of cultural relativism, emotivist ethics, ethical egoism, and utilitarianism with a focus on Christianity. Reaction Paper #3 Cultural Relativism The first ethical model that Holmes discusses is cultural relativism which “is the view that moral beliefs and practices vary with and depend on the human needs and social conditions of particular cultures, so that no moral
an effective balance between the two models that constitute it, to reach a utilitarian conclusion, based on the optimum level of punishment and rehabilitation. To do this, firstly, the definition of an effective criminal justice system must be established, after which, the strengths and weaknesses of a firstly balanced, then unbalanced, justice system will be discussed, whilst also considering how the justice system
Ethics are personalised, they are a set of rules or systems which are set-out by an individual or group of people. Ethical standards dictates; how one lives; how one makes decisions; how one behaves; and how one interacts with others. Ethical systems starts from childhood and develops through maturity, community interactions, culture, experiences, education level, social and economical status and religious beliefs. It is ethical systems that distinguish what is morally right and wrong, good and
Consequentialism is a philosophical theory which centres on leaving the world, or state of affairs, in the best state possible. This theory embodies the saying, “the ends justify the means,” placing additional emphasis on the end rather than the means. Consequentialists believe that a person should not worry about the actions, which they must partake in as long as the consequences of those actions lead to the best possible outcome available to them. The theory does not stop at individual actions
theories and with those consequentialist theories that endorse a rule against deception. The laws tolerate deception as normal in many instances and see it as customary part of many economic interactions. They use assumptions of economic theories to justify such status. First assumption is that there is no negative outcome is associated with lying per se. Uri Gneezy, (2005: 384) argues this assumption is very useful in many economic models . He says to consider contract theory, where it is assumed that
There are two components that form ethical climate within an organization that need to be studied to identify the ethical structure within an organization. The first is the formal component which is set by the organization such as the code of ethics, rules, regulations, processes, evaluation system, reward any punishment procedures. The second is the informal organization which is derived from the culture, rituals, stories and norms, (Webber, 2007). For an organization in order to be highly ethical
REVIEW OF LITERATURE Franz lehner and Richard T.Watson (2001) has described the hexagonal model in which firm is shown to interact with six stakeholders namely suppliers, intermediaries, customers, government, employees and investors. The study found that hexagon model is nevertheless quite useful and may be used to identify stakeholders and their possible interest. It also found that there is need to improvement in the mobile business applications and better interactions between firms. Johan Lembke
rich in life through his personal rigours Determinants: Sociopathic narcissism- a belief that Gupta was above the law, immune to the rules governing us. Concomitants: Partners and friends all dealing in information and making windfall earnings; Not enough tight norms and checks
The metamorphosis from Elaine Potter Richardson to Jamaica Kincaid does not signify a mere change in the name but a deep anguish that forced her to protest and to create an identity for her own self. Kincaid, through her female protagonists, not only portrays herself in her novels, she also violently evokes the protest against the colonist conformity developed through British colonization. Her adversities have failed to trap her into a compromise and complacency. This chapter deals with how the