These qualities are authenticity, self-management, humility, and courage. He developed the characteristics that derail a leader from each of these qualities, as replicated in the appendix, from his analysis of six derailed leaders and many years of study. Derailment is a gradual process that can be avoided by implementing and enforcing those critical qualities as an ethical and effective leader (Irwin, 2009). Off the Rails Irwin defines derailment as failed character or character flaws that cause someone