Cells are the basic unit of all living things. However, taking a closer look, would take us to the presence of macromolecules. If macromolecules were to be further divided, it would be broken up into four types; consisting of carbohydrates,nucleic acids,proteins, and lipids. These are all organic molecules meaning that they contain the element carbon. And these organic molecules can still then be subdivided into its basic building blocks( CITE). For example, carbohydrates are polymers of sugars
bonds found in macromolecules, released in the breaking of these bonds, and can be recovered through recycling of molecules. Anabolism is the process of storing energy by putting macromolecules together through dehydration synthesis reactions, where water is released to create a bond. Macromolecules are made of smaller molecules and have a specific function in the cell. Energy is stored in the bonds that make up the macromolecule. Catabolism is the breaking down of a macromolecule to release energy
Enzymes are proteins that act as biocatalysts for a large number of reactions. They function in the transformation of macromolecules to energy and new materials, besides for growth, repair and maintenance of cells. The important of enzyme are for the degradation of the complex molecules, pectin in the middle lamella and the primary cell walls of young plant cells (Kashyap et al., 2001). The technology of enzyme become an important part in food industry. Earlier, there was limited to small number
1813 by the Swiss botanist A.P. Candolle . MnP is capble of oxidizing & depolymerizing natural and synthetics lignins as well as entire lignocelluloses in cell-free systems (in vitro). 1.8 Structure of lignin Lignin is across-linked racemic macromolecule with molecular masses in of 10,000 u.it is relatively hydrophobic and aromatic nature. Different types of lignin described depending on the means of isolation. The three common monolignols (1) paracoumaryl alcohol (2) Coniferyl alcohol (3) Sinapyl
The Rate of Living Theory The rate of living theory has a long history, dating as early back as Aristotle in 350 BC. However it wasn’t until 1908, when Rubner showed that, despite the varying life-spans of the 5 different mammalian species tested, each gram of body tissue expended the same amount of energy (~200 calories) before it died; that the theory gained any traction. In his book, published in 1922, a scientist called Raymond Pearl proposed that if we only have a set energy expenditure in