conceptual framework of this study is guiding by a conceptual model for the study and management of bullying at work which developed (Einersen, Hoel, Zapf, and Cooper, 2003) that identified the main classes of variables to be included in both future research and future organizational action programs. This model has four important things. First, this model distinguishes between the nature and cause of bullying behavior. That is, the behaviors exhibited by the alleged bully from the nature and cause of the
According to Keeling et al, workplace bullying is characterised as: “offensive, intimidating, malicious or insulting behavior, an abuse or misuse of power through means intended to undermine, humiliate, denigrate or injure the recipient” (2006). Workplace bullying may occurred when an individual or a group of people against an individual; for instance, a manager with his colleagues using inappropriate language to insult that person. As defined by Einarsen et al, those negative actions and behaviors