Literature Review On Hypertension In Malaysia

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LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction The prevalence of hypertension in the elderly urban population in Malaysia is 62% while in the rural area the rate is reported to be about 26% (Ong, Oung, Ong, & Tan, 2010). The number of hypertension patients of urban elderly is higher than the rural elderly (Ong et al., 2010). The study also found that the prevalence of depression among the elderly living in urban areas was more than double compared to those living in the rural areas. This could be associated to the fact that those living in urban areas are more likely to be socially isolated, compared to those in the rural areas. Furthermore, rural community folks tend to be more supportive and helpful to each other (Ms, Sb, Mhr, & Yahaya, n.d.). 2.2 Individual Characteristics Individual characteristics for hypertension shows that there was no significant difference in the rates between males and female. According to Journal & Sciences (2008), it seems that the male and female gender are equally affected in hypertension. Hypertension is the major killer in males and females aged above 45 and above 65 years respectively (Akter et al., 2004). This study found that the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in males compared to females.…show more content…
Elderly population among Chinese and Indians ethnic groups have higher educational level and hence has a better access to quality medical care and are usually more health-conscious (Kiau et al., 2013). Women, participants who belonged to the Iban ethnic group, and participants older than 45 years of age were found to have higher rates of hypertension in this study (Chang, Lee, & Cheah, 2012). No significant difference between genders was observed. In terms of the main ethnic groups as overall, the Bumiputera from Sabah & Sarawak have the highest prevalence at 36.4%, followed by the Malays at 34.0%, and Chinese at 32.3% (NHMS,
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