Parameter optimization of non-traditional machining processes using firefly and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms
1. Introduction Non-traditional machining (NTM) processes are considered to be one of the most developing advanced methods used in manufacturing industries for machining the complex geometry and intricate profiles. Materials with high precision are the demands of the present days. Materials science has led to the evolution of difficult-to-machine, high-strength temperature-resistant materials with many extraordinary qualities. Using conventional methods to machine hard metals and alloys means increased demand of time; cost and energy, which restrict the use of conventional machining. To overcome this, non-traditional…show more content… S. Yang developed a new algorithm in 2008 named as Firefly Algorithm (FA). The fireflies live in a warm environment and act in summer nights. They are characterized by their flashing light produced by a biochemical process. This flashing light has two purposes one is to attract mating partners and another is to warn off potential predators. The firefly species attract their mates due to pheromone similar to ants. Their flashing light obeys physics rule that the light intensity (I) decreases as the distance (r) increases, as per the equation I = 1/r2. They acts as an LC- oscillator that charges and discharges the light at regular time interval, θ = 2π. When a firefly is reaches near to other fireflies, a mutual coupling occurs between them. The most biochemical organisms provide only modulated flashes which in contrast to adults in many firefly species are able to control their biochemical reaction in order to emit high and discrete flashes. The light production of a firefly is initialized by the signal originating within its nervous system. In most cases, the first signallers are flying males, who try to attract flightless females on the ground or surrounding them. The responses to these signals are given by the females in terms of emitting continuous or flashing lights. Females are attracted according to…show more content… P4(0) 12.0669 54.3399 129.5200 53.9815 136.8718
P5(0) 10.6618 51.7874 68.6873 57.8181 96.1021
P6(0) 7.9877 52.5774 98.9764 59.1858 79.8451
P7(0) 8.8925 52.4313 94.5586 50.9443 99.7835
P8(0) 10.2344 48.9223 114.6313 42.7725 137.5428
P9(0) 12.2875 51.5548 120.9365 42.9859 159.9715
P10(0) 12.3244 46.7119 125.4687 45.1502 169.2418
P11(0) 8.2881 52.0605 77.6025 56.8143 75.3832
P12(0) 12.3530 45.3183 117.9703 45.0856 162.0203
P13(0) 12.2858 47.7692 115.5098 56.2857 149.4576
P14(0) 9.9269 45.4617 66.2612 44.8705 109.8565
P15(0) 11.5014 45.9713 61.8998 58.5853 110.6329
P16(0) 8.2094 53.2346 99.8364 46.9997 99.4146
P17(0) 9.6088 51.9483 145.9744 43.9319 125.8593
P18(0) 12.0787 48.1710 84.0386 45.0217 148.8167
P19(0) 11.4610 54.5022 108.5268 52.3209 128.9924
P20(0) 12.2975 45.3445 72.3812 49.4658 144.7526
(b) Sorting of initialization
Rearrange intensity Index of intensity Rearrange the firefly position according to the intensities values Distance x1 x2 x3 x4
169.2418 10 12.3244 46.7119 125.4687 45.1502 0
162.0203 12 12.3530 45.3183 117.9703 45.0856 8.531
159.9715 9 12.2875 51.5548 120.9365 42.9859 5.895
156.4009 2 12.0290 45.3571 88.1558 45.1019 8.338
149.4576 13 12.2858 47.7692 115.5098 56.2857 8.103
148.8167 18 12.0787 48.1710 84.0386 45.0217