utilitarianism, presents two conflicting viewpoints in consequentialism. Rule deontology and act deontology add another dichotomy to our list. An atheist and a Christian cannot both be correct under Divine Command Theory, a moral system under rule deontology. By not believing in the Christian God, the atheist is committing blasphemy in the eyes of the Christian. Immanuel Kant’s Duty Ethics
Emphasis should be given on ethics and integrity in both the selection of appointed and elected public officials. This concern has intensified in the public sector and includes a focus on various types of ethical considerations that enter into both political and administrative decisions
Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth repeatedly transgress the religious laws of the Puritan society they follow. Hester's affair with Arthur Dimmesdale causes Roger, the husband whom she thought dead, to seek vengeance since he feels humiliated. Although both Hester and Arthur sin, Roger’s sins are made with the intention of harming the other parties involved. Roger's mass of sins accumulates into true evil. Hawthorne marks a dichotomy between sin and evil in his novel,
essays, books, and correspondences. This clearly explains that there are several ways to elucidate Leibniz’s philosophy. Leibniz develops a remarkable philosophical system by employing various principles like the principle of sufficient reason, the law of contradiction, and the identity of indiscernibles. By this philosophical system, Leibniz pits forth an elaborate and exhaustive account of reality. Eventually Leibniz held the view that, the universe contained only God and non-composite, immaterial
This connotes the execution of public laws in a bureaucratic manner to management which tends to emphasize on results and flexibility. The shift from an administrative state to a management state in public administration reflects scholarly works of New Public Management theorists. For many