fighting the war. With decolonization, some countries like Indonesia declared independence, while other countries were left in a state of anomie, with the already existent internal turmoil such as segregated and suppressed ethnic groups and unstable democracy . The region undeniably saw the rise of movements driven by anti-colonialism sentiments, manifested in three forms, nationalism, socialism, which was dictated by a Marxist-Lenin ideology, and through revolts and rebellions. On the international
is a never-ending progression of various shades of authoritarianism, first under the white-settler colonialism from the years 1890 to 1979 and then again under the postcolonial rule of blacks since 1980. Therefore, the three major streams that have fed into Zimbabwe's political culture are African traditionalism, settler colonialism, and liberation war politics. These three streams have worked separately and in combination to anchor authoritarianism and against the growth and development of democratic
In the ever changing nature of International politics Ideology is not a relative term; it has a fixed meaning so as to reflect the needs and aspirations of an individual, group, class or culture. But the context which it comprises of tends to evolve in the international arena. With this in mind it let us look at the first half of the question. Cold War, to be explained in the words of Samuel Huntington was “one group of relatively wealthy and mostly Democratic societies, led by the United States
skeletal and have no teeth; no real power and are merely controlled by the powers that be. Both North Korea and Myanmmar have set up institutions in the effort to shroud their corruption. The concept of Competitive Authoritarianism is weaved into the concept of Electoral Authoritarianism. In reference Steven Livitsky’s and Lucan Way’s research a major area of democratic contestation is the Electoral one. They explain that “Electoral competition is eliminated either de jure…or de facto”. With control
countries such as Great Britain and France criticized the traditional authority and adopted the idea that humanity was enhanced via rational thinking (Schmidt, 31). The Enlightenment generated many scholarly works such as scientific discoveries, books, essays, laws, and revolutions (Hanley and McMahon, p. 2). In this respect, the Enlightenment ideas directly influenced the French and Americans Revolutions. The American Enlightenment took place between 1714 and 1818 and greatly influenced the creation of
not try to fully control and mobilize all citizens (Roy 234-235). It is important to point out that there are various types of government. Regimes vary from democratic, semi-democratic to non-democratic. India is said to be the world's greatest democracy while China is by most scholars considered