Madison et al. 1788). As is frequently the case with most theories, the literature on fiscal Introduction 3 federalism has been strongly influenced by the geo-political context in which it originated; namely, the federal systems of North America. This has led to problems relating to its extension to other cases, especially to the nation states of Europe and Asia. A simple example refers to the assignment problem. Fiscal federalism theory (see, for example, Musgrave 1961; Olson 1969) dictates that responsibilities
In 2012, Rigon, having cited opposing studies by Belsey and Case (2003) and by Ferreira and Gyourko (2010), as well as difference in spending preferences of men and women, studied whether female representation in Italy’s City Councils had an effect on local government spending. The author’s results turned out to be insignificant and Rigon alluded to the fact that the results could have been due either to the small proportion of females to males in Italy’s City Councils or that, in line with
resources, DR Congo remains one of the poorest countries in the world with at least 50% of its population living below the poverty line. They deal with ill effects of the government, war, barbaric dictators, and poor government. In this paper I’m going to discuss the rise and fall of this culturally diverse country, its poverty, the ill effects of the government, and some of its health issues; and how all of this overall affects the economy on a in depth scale. Economic Profile of DR Congo The country’s
Economic development – A regional perspective The economic reforms have positively contributed towards the nation’s development in a macro perspective. Improvement in trade relations between nations and the free movement of goods and services led to increased growth in the economy. Thus the globalisation and liberalised economic policies by different nations has gradually frayed many national and state economic institutions. Globalisation has also played a key role in industrial development and
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This section presents a brief review of existing theoretical and empirical literature of tax and tax administration. This review of literature establishes the framework for the study and high lights the noticeable strength and weakness of previous studies, which in return help in clearly identifying the gap in the literature and formulating the research question for the study. 2.1. Definitions and Concepts of Tax Taxes are a portion of private wealth, exacted