Cladogram Lab

802 Words4 Pages
A cladogram is used to help show the evolutionary relationships between species. In this experiment we were given four genes that will help us determine the fossil’s placement on the given cladogram. We used an online database called BLAST to find information about the genes, the proteins, the protein functions, and the common ancestors. It was found that the fossil was more closely related to a bird due to its similarity in gene sequences. Although soft tissues are rarely preserved in fossils, all species have gene sequences that help us analyze genes simA cladogram is used to help show the evolutionary relationships between species. In this experiment we were given four genes that will help us determine the fossil’s placement on the given…show more content…
Throughout the years, scientists have been trying to map and identify the genes that outline different species and their relationship to human beings. Although it is rare for pre-historic organisms to leave behind soft tissues, we can still observe fossils by looking at their morphological features. Using the observations and gene sequences from fossil scientist can create a diagram called cladograms, which helps show the evolutionary relationships between species. Cladograms can also help show the phylogeny of organisms, which are the evolutionary development or features, among a diverse group of organisms or species. Cladograms are constructed by drawing a tree-like diagram with stems or branches that represent a specific species. The species are placed in order according to their common ancestors. Thus, the closer the two species are on a cladogram, the more likely they are to share the same common ancestors. Cladograms can also have additional details, such as a specie particular physical structure, which are known to be shared derived characters. The derived character is placed according to when they were evolved, and every specie that is label above it are known to have that same derived character. For example, on Figure 2 of the cladogram, the jaws were the first physical structure and all the species above it such as the shark, salamander, lizard, tiger, and gorilla,…show more content…
This organization was able to map and identify over 20,000-25,000 gene sequences that define Homo sapiens. Learning to be able to map gene and identify gene sequences will aid us on how to draw a cladogram, as well as a better understanding of genetic diseases. Furthermore, learning about gene sequences will also help us understand the evolutionary relationships among different groups of organisms. Bioinformatics is also useful to understand when it comes to finding information about gene sequences. It compares statistics, mathematical modeling, and computer science to analyze biological data. It is one of the easiest and fastest ways to find an entire genome and its genetic similarities and
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