brief review of existing theoretical and empirical literature of tax and tax administration. This review of literature establishes the framework for the study and high lights the noticeable strength and weakness of previous studies, which in return help in clearly identifying the gap in the literature and formulating the research question for the study. 2.1. Definitions and Concepts of Tax Taxes are a portion of private wealth, exacted from individuals by the state for meeting the expenditure essential
Introduction Independent external auditors have primary responsibility to the performance of the audit function on published financial statements. In performing their audits the independent external auditor might rely on the work of other auditors. Relying on the work of other auditors is a widely accepted and applied audit practice and relevant internationally accepted audit standards have been developed so as to ensure a common understanding of the general principles involved. International Standard
FRAUD Fraud encompasses a wide range of irregularities and illegal acts characterized by intentional deception or misrepresentation. The Institute of Internal Auditors’ (IIA’s) IPPF defines fraud as any illegal act characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust. These acts are not dependent upon the threat of violence or physical force. Frauds are perpetrated by parties and organizations to obtain money, property, or services; to avoid payment or loss of services; or to secure personal
the light of these changes, new concept began to become the bull’s eye for an auditor which includes the added value by internal audit to organizations and its effectiveness. In order to determine the value added to the organization, efficiency and effectiveness of internal audit becomes more and more important. The main purpose of this paper is to review an internal audit for the purpose of internal control to add value to the
HSBC Bank Malta p.l.c. is an international banking service and the world’s biggest financial services group in Malta. They serve around 48 million customers through four global businesses: Retail Banking and Wealth Management, Commercial Banking, Global Banking and Markets, and Global Private Banking. HSBC Bank Malta p.l.c. is a member of the HSBC Group, whose ultimate parent company is HSBC Holdings plc. Headquartered in London, HSBC Holdings plc is one of the largest banking and financial services
Acknowledgement First of all, we would like to express our grateful to Allah SWT for His blessing and ease our journey in completing this Comparison Analysis on Internal Audit Department of Malaysia Airlines Report. Alhamdulillah, we are able to complete this project report within the time frame set. Special thanks to our lecturer, Encik Mohd Zulfikri B Abd Rashid, for the patient guidance, encouragement and advice she provided throughout our time as her student. We have been lucky to have a
progress the tax system. This is important to my research because it explores the topic of evading taxes based on income. Lee (2016) examines the differences that can come from simply having a high or low income. This is an important demographic to study because it can later be cross referenced among other statistics (age, gender, etc.) to see how much it holds true. I chose to explore the ethics of tax evasion and this article is a great source packed with information about the complexity of the tax
internal audit is intended to assess what a company is doing in order to spot potential threats to the organization's strength and profitability, and to form recommendations for justifying the risk associated with those threats in order to reduce cost. 5.2 Objectives of Internal Audit: The objectives of Internal Auditing are as follows: • To review and appraise the adequacy, correctness, and application of accounting , financial and other operating controls. • The extent of compliance with established
awareness about issues concerning the role and functions of regulators and the need for improved disclosure and good corporate governance. Meanwhile there were many public listed companies adopted relatively high-levels of corporate abuse and in some cases breakdown, attributable in part of effective corporate governance structures. Poor financial management of directors and related party transaction are one of the corporate abuse that existed. This problems got more worst by ineffectual enforcement
present and future decisionmaking needs. The ADHR thought that CDC is at the discoverer stage of KM maturity because the organization emphasizes use of brainstorming sessions, biannual performance review meetings, development of action reviews, and presentation of annual management plans, by top management. The ADHR stated, “CDC allocates 1% of its operating budget to formal training and learning activities, but in terms of knowledge management activities, it is difficult to state because they are