Kathy Hu
Mr. Lee
AP Human Geography, per. 2
1 September 2015
Chapter 1 Outline: Thinking Geographically
I. Introduction
A. Geography studies the location and reasons for distribution of objects across the globe.
1. Human geography: human activities
2. Physical geography: natural forces.
B. The geographic trends of globalization and diversity can explain the distribution of human activities and causes of world problems.
C. Scale, space and connections help explain differences between places.
1. Space: physical gap in between locations
2. Connections: relationships among objects across space
II. Key Issue 1: How Do Geographers Describe Where Things Are?
A. Maps are used for reference or the communication of geographic information. Cartography…show more content… States, countries ii. Help explain global/national patterns
b. Functional/nodal regionals are characterized around a central focal point.
i. Circulation, reception, trading areas ii. Information about economic areas
c. Vernacular/perceptual regions stem from people’s cultural identities and their informal sense of place.
i. Identified with mental maps, an internal representation of an area ii. The South
3. Spatial associations connect different cultural, economic and environmental factors with similar distributions.
4. Regional Integration of Culture
a. A group’s culture consists of its beliefs, traits, social forms and traditions.
b. What People Care About
i. Language: system of signs and sounds with meaning ii. Religion: formal system of beliefs and practices iii. Ethnicity: cultural and physical traits, cause of conflict
c. What People Take Care Of
i. Materials like food, clothing, shelter ii. Political institutions, citizenship iii. Divide the world into regions that are more developed economically (MDCs) and less developed (LDCs)
5. Cultural Ecology: Integrating Culture and Environment
a. Environmental determinism focuses on how the physical environment causes social…show more content… Physical Processes
i. Climate is the long-term, average weather at a location. It is classified with the Köppen system (A-tropical, B-dry, C-warm mid-latitude, D-cold mid-latitude, E-polar) ii. The Earth is classified into 4 main biomes based on vegetation (forest, savanna, grassland, desert). iii. Soil is classified into 10 large orders. Its destruction results from erosion and lack of nutrients. iv. Landforms are shown with topographic maps. The maps have features including relief, slope and contour lines.
d. The Netherlands: Sensitive Environmental Modification
i. 16% of the country consists of polders, land that is created by draining water. ii. The country has built many dikes and dams.
e. Florida: Not-So-Sensitive Environmental Modification
i. Seawalls and jetties were built on the barrier islands to prevent erosion. ii. The 2000 Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan aimed to restore the flow of water, increase flood control and improve water quality.
IV. Key Issue 3: Why Are Different Places Similar?
A. Scale: From Local to Global
1. Globalization of Economy
2. Globalization of Culture
B. Space: Distribution of Features
1. Distribution
a. Density
b. Concentration
c. Pattern
2. Gender and Ethnic Diversity in