NAPROXEN
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Naproxen is a member of the 2-arylpropionic acid (profen) family of NSAIDs which works by reversibly inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2enzymes and is used for treat many conditions, including relieve pain, decrease fever, reduce swelling , inflammation caused by an injury or disease, arthritis, menstrual pain, muscle and joint inflammation, and gout.
NSAIDs work by reducing the production of prostaglandins which are chemicals that promote inflammation, pain, fever ; and also protect the lining of the stomach and intestines from the damaging effects of acid, promote blood clotting by activating blood platelets, and promote normal function of the kidneys.
Prostaglandins produced by cyclooxygenases (COX)…show more content… Naproxen comes in two forms either as the base naproxen or as the salt form naproxen sodium. The chemical names for naproxen and naproxen sodium are (S)-6-methoxy-α-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid and (S)-6-methoxy-α-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid, sodium salt. Naproxen has a molecular weight of 230.26 and a molecular formula of C14H14O3 , Naproxen sodium has a molecular weight of 252.23 and a molecular formula of C14H13NaO3. Naproxen and Naproxen sodium have a few differences in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Naproxen base on a milligram-per-milligram basis is slightly stronger than naproxen sodium; 220, 275, and 550 mg of naproxen sodium equals 200, 250, and 500 mg of naproxen. The sodium salt of naproxen has been developed as a more rapidly absorbed formulation of naproxen for use as an…show more content… Steady-state levels of naproxen are reached in 4 to 5 days, and the degree of naproxen accumulation is consistent with this half-life. Naproxen has a volume of distribution of 0.16 L/kg and,at therapeutic levels naproxen is greater than 99% albumin-bound. At doses of naproxen greater than 500 mg/day there is less than proportional increase in plasma levels due to an increase in clearance caused by saturation of plasma protein binding at higher doses (average trough Css 36.5, 49.2 and 56.4 mg/L with 500, 1000 and 1500 mg daily doses of naproxen, respectively). The naproxen anion has been found in the milk of lactating women at a concentration equivalent to approximately 1% of maximum naproxen concentration in plasma. Because of the possible adverse effects of prostaglandin-inhibiting drugs on neonates, use in nursing mothers should be avoided. Naproxen is extensively metabolized in the liver to 6-0-desmethyl naproxen, and both parent and metabolites do not induce metabolizing enzymes. Both naproxen and 6-0-desmethyl naproxen are further metabolized to their respective acylglucuronide conjugated metabolites. The clearance of naproxen is 0.13 mL/min/kg. Approximately 95% of the naproxen from any dose is excreted in the urine, primarily as naproxen