Following the previous strikes in 1919, the 1922 national strike was a bitter conflict. Broad support for the strike expressed Illinois miners' frustration with the cooperation of their union with employers and the government during World War I and efforts to preserve this cooperation into the postwar era. Local mining officials were on the defensive and anxious to defend their militant reputation. Local officials of UMWA District 12 agreed to let the owner of the SICC, William J. Lester