Vietnam War Survey 1. The Vietnam War, called the American War by the Vietnamese, officially began November 1st, 1955, but has its roots dating back to the French Indochina War. Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries had been colonized by the French as early as 1874, then called French Indochina. During the French Indochina War, Ho Chi Minh, the revolutionary leader of the Indochinese Communist Party (PCI), led a group of Nationalist and Communist-minded group called the Viet Minh against their