unit (Cpaireland.ie, 2016). This must include a complete analysis of the internal and external environment, irrespective of the economic climate. An analysis of the external environment may involve PESTEL and/or Porters 5 forces. PESTEL analysis is a tool used to analyze and monitor the macro environment; it stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal (Academy, 2016). Environmental scanning in the form of SWOT or PESTEL can help