Reason Model In Aviation

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Doubtlessly, aviation safety is one of the significant concern to the industry and has caught everyone eyes on it because of the high accidental rates in recent years. The high accidental rates might be lead by the human errors, which are including the person approach and the system approach(Reason, 2000). However, there are some causation models, such as James Reason's model, which known as the Swiss Cheese Model, provides ascent to quite distinct philosophies of error management(Reason, 2000). Besides, there are some assets are found by the comparison among the Reason model and other models and has brought out overzealous implementations(School of Aviation, 2011). The contributions this model has made to the aviation community will be scrutinised…show more content…
The Reason model, also known as the Swiss Cheese Model, was developed by professor James Reason during writing the book, Human Error, in 1990 to try understanding how an accident is happened(Shappell & Wiegmann, 2000). In the Reason model, slices of cheese are represented as a defences of organisational against failure are modelled as a series of barriers(SKYbrary, 2012). Moreover, The holes in the cheese slices express respective vulnerabilities in the system's individual parts, and are altered in position and size in all slices continually(SKYbrary, 2012). When holes in all of the slices instantaneously align, the system as a whole turns out failures, privileging "a trajectory of accident opportunity", so as to a peril passes through holes in all of the defences and inducing an accident(SKYbrary, 2012). By referring to the Swiss Cheese Model, Reason created a key difference between the active, operational errors, and latent, organisational, failures(School of Aviation,…show more content…
The SCHELL model is a widened version of the SHEL model which is used by ICAO to express the human factors' main sections. Besides, SCHELL stands for software(the rules, the procedures), culture(the national culture affecting interactions), hardware(the equipment and tools that are used) , environment(the environmental conditions like weather), liveware(the human pilot) and liveware(other humans who are inside or outside the aircraft)(CASA, 2012). The SCHELL model accentuate the interrelationships between each and all of the above elements. Any mismatch between two or more sections, human performance issues will be caused(CASA, 2012). However, the Reason model is a simplified expression of an accident which is easier to understand the vital components(CASA, 2012). Also, the Reason model can be used for different purposes, such as use for communication, analysis and measurements which shows that it can displace much more perspectives on an accidents than the SCHELL model(Reason, Hollnagel & Paries, 2006). Furthermore, as a mean of communication, the Reason model produce a method to consider how accidents happen, which similar to the heuristic illustrative framework, in order to represent as a specific accident model and furnish more information about the cases(Reason, Hollnagel & Paries, 2006). Nevertheless, the SCHELL model does not provide as informative as the Reason model, and
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