Glycolysis Lab Report

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Glycolysis is the next process, literally means "splitting sugars." In glycolysis, glucose (a six carbon sugar) is split into two molecules of a three-carbon sugar. Glycolysis yields two molecules of ATP ( free energy containing molecule), two molecules of pyruvic acid and two "high energy" electron carrying molecules of NADH. Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration . Without oxygen, glycolysis allows cells to make small amounts of ATP. This process is called fermentation and lactate is the product. While glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of the cell's cytoplasm , the next step of cellular respiration called the citric acid cycle , occurs in the matrix…show more content…
In the process, a phosphate group from ATP is transferred to glucose producing glucose. This step is irreversible and regulatory. Glucose + hexokinase + ATP → ADP + Glucose 6-phosphate Step 2 The enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase converts glucose 6-phosphate into its isomer fructose 6-phosphate. Isomers have the same molecular formula , but the atoms of each molecule are arranged differently. Glucose 6-phosphate + Phosphoglucoisomerase → Fructose 6-phosphate Step 3 The enzyme phosphofructokinase uses another ATP molecule to transfer a phosphate group to fructose 6-phosphate to form fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate. This step is irreversible and regulatory. 6 Degree in Physiotherapy. Biochemistry. Fructose 6-phosphate + phosphofructokinase + ATP → ADP + Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate Step 4 The enzyme aldolase splits fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate into two sugars that are isomers…show more content…
Triose phosphate dehydrogenase + 2 P + 2 glyceraldehyde phosphate → 2 molecules of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate Step 7 The enzyme phosphoglycerokinase transfers a P from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to a molecule of ADP to form ATP. This happens for each molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. The process yields two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules and two ATP molecules. 2 molecules of 1,3-bisphoshoglycerate + phosphoglycerokinase + 2 ADP → 2 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate + 2 ATP Step 8 The enzyme phosphoglyceromutase relocates the P from 3-phosphoglycerate from the third carbon to the second carbon to form 2-phosphoglycerate. 2 molecules of 3-Phosphoglycerate + phosphoglyceromutase → 2 molecules of 2-Phosphoglycerate Step 9 The enzyme enolase removes a molecule of water from 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP). This happens for each molecule of 2-phosphoglycerate. 2 molecules of 2-Phosphoglycerate (C3H5O4P1) + enolase → 2 molecules of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) Step 10 The enzyme pyruvate kinase transfers a P from PEP to ADP to form pyruvic acid and ATP. This happens for each molecule of PEP. This reaction yields 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and 2 ATP molecules. Also is a regulatory step.
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