In the Noh play Izutsu by Zeami (1363-1443) Buddhist concepts play a clear role in the poetic content of the text. In this poetry, the Buddhist philosophical concepts of material impermanence, human suffering (dukkha), and the unification of the spiritual self with the cosmos, appear throughout. These concepts also appear in the written words of Zen practitioners, whose poetry provides a window into the deeper Buddhist significance of the text. Buddhist doctrine begins with the diagnosis and cure