English Syntactical Features

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The grammar of Welsh English “fits effortlessly into the spoken British English” (Palausto, 2006, p. 10), since it presents many features that are commonly find in other dialects of the English- speaking world. Nevertheless, this variety also presents some syntactical structures or grammatical uses that are characteristic of Wales. Most of these features are the consequence of the influence of Welsh, one of the oldest languages in Europe, from the Celtic branches of the Indo-European family of languages and the language spoken by the majority of the Welsh population throughout its history until the end of the 19th century. Most of these syntactical features of Welsh English have arisen in bilingual contexts, while others are more general and…show more content…
To consider the Welsh influence in this case, it must also be taken into account the absence of indefinite articles in this language, which is very likely the cause of these irregularities. Additionally, as Palausto (2006) explains this idea of the Welsh substratum is reinforced by the fact that the omission of indefinite articles is most commonly found among the elderly bilingual speakers. Another important grammatical feature common in Welsh English is the use of the periphrastic verb structures in contexts atypical of Standard English. In fact, according to Palausto (2006), the aspectual use of periphrastic structures is less constrained in Welsh English, which is a feature that separates this dialect from mainstream English. For instance, the structure “be+ present participle” with progressive meaning can be used in stative contexts or can be attached to other verbs in order to express habituality, which is not very common in Standard English. Besides, Palausto (2006) argues that the progressive structure of English is similar to the following Welsh periphrastic…show more content…
Once again this particular structure reflects the Welsh influence. Indeed, as Palausto (2006) explains, in Welsh, the order of the verb is the same in direct and indirect questions. Additionally, Thorne (1993) highlights that the Welsh conjunctions os/ a, which correspond to the English if/whether, are commonly eliminated in Welsh. Apart from this, another feature characteristic of Welsh English is the use of focusing devices, like fronting and clefting. Even if these structures can also be found in mainstream English, Williams (2000) claims that their use is more frequent and varied in Anglowelsh. Indeed, Penhallurick (….) mentions that fronting is a Welsh-derived syntactic feature, in which a phrase is emphasized by placing it at the start of a sentence: fronting. Some examples that are used in Welsh English and are not common in Standard English are the

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