To discuss the influence of Jesuit missionaries on South American music, it is first necessary to give a little background information on whom the Jesuits were/are and why they came to South America. The term “Jesuit” refers to someone belonging to the Society of Jesus (abbreviated S.J.), an order in the Roman Catholic Church. The Jesuits are the largest order in the Roman Catholic Church with an estimated 18,000 members as of 2013. The current pope of the Roman Catholic Church, Pope Francis, is