life and can rarely be avoided. The real fact is - tooth loss does not occur as a result of aging, but because of various conditions such as dental decay and / or gum diseases. Left untreated, these conditions will certainly cause loss of teeth in addition to influencing the overall health status of individuals. Therefore, the most important aspect of dental care is to maintain excellent oral health and hygiene. If teeth are lost due to various reasons, the equilibrium in the chewing mechanisms is
(Esposito et al. 2007). Long term trials proved that dental implants is widely accepted treatment modality to replace missing natural teeth in cases of partial and complete edentulism that occurred due to periodontal disease, endodontic failure, traumatic injury or for any other reason (Madhav 2012). permitting restoration of mastication, speech, and esthetics. Esposito et al. (2011)stated that dental implants offer several advantages in treating missing dentitions over conventional prosthetic
cause the outcomes of using these implants to be inconsistent and unpredictable. Because of the implicit limitations of using synthetic tissues and organs for the long-term replacement of organs, biomaterials scientists are looking to use natural tissues, instead. As transplanted tissues would be living, natural structures, they would be a more natural fit for the body; therefore, becoming more ideal for the long-term replacement of organs. The current disadvantages of this method are the
Most importantly, 3D printing is the reason for the start of a revolution in the medical fields, it has given the opportunity to create create dental implants, hearing aids and prosthesis and according to an article by Steven Leckart, 3D printing can develop more complex things such as prototype human body parts; for example, ears by scanning a design then printing it out, and prepared in three month
OBJECTIVES AND LAYOUT OF THE THESIS; Objectives In the design of a metal forming process, the only factors that are known are the final product shape and the material with which it is to be made. The fundamental goal of process design in extrusion is to produce industrial parts with high quality, precise dimensions in a most economical way. In this endeavor process optimization is of immense importance. In this thesis Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is modeled using finite element method and