In his article, “Land Tenancy and Social Order in Springfield, Massachusetts, 1652 to 1702” (1978), Stephen Innes questions the existence of tenancy in the New England colonies as it did in England. He argues that, unlike the common notion of the prosperous effects of land in New England, not all towns in the settlements experienced economic and social growth. In Springfield, Massachusetts tenancy, economic difficulty, and socioeconomic divisions were prominent characteristics of the town. He states