horizontal and vertical ones. When the first one is the relationship among biotechnology firms, the latter is the cooperation between a firm and its suppliers or distributors. Vertical alliances seem to bring more successful cases than horizonal alliances because the partners can become competitors in the horizontal ones. This paper only focuses on the vertical alliance with its two main branches: upstream and downstream ones. Biotechnology firms pursue vertical integration, keeping close linkages with universities
Agriculture. Agriculture plays important roles for human being. This is because, agriculture can contribute in percentages of increasing cases of poverty and hunger problem that been faced by some of the country in the world. Therefore, through biotechnology the production of crops can be increases by modifying the DNA to create a better crops that have higher resistant towards climate and diseases. Besides, it also can shorten the growth period of the crops thus reduced the time needed for the crops
Profit as stated by Egilman, and Bohme (2014) is fundamentally superior to the well-being of civilization and the planet that it inhabits. In the pursuit of wealth science has played pawn to the checker board of corporate greed. This the authors argue has seen business protect their investment by scientific distortion. A prime example of this manipulation of the truth is found in research denouncing the health risk behind smoking (Capps & Van Der Eijk, 2014). The author of this paper strengthens
CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO INTRODUCE CHROMOBAND AID INTO THE MARKET Financial challenge has always been a great obstacle in bringing forth new products into the market. Sufficient financial support is highly crucial to afford from the level of preliminary research, patent and clinical test, mass production and finally the commercialization of product into public. To ensure consistency of product research, efforts should be done by researcher to get funds or sponsorship from relevant governmental
individual genes. Broadly, the processes come under the category of Biotechnology. In the broad sense, the term "biotechnology" refers to the use of living organisms for the production of various forms of energy as well as treating diseases. Nevertheless, for a long time, biotechnology was understood, above all, precisely by microbiological processes. This is understandable. All of the above-mentioned traditional biotechnologies are associated with industrial production. Moreover, in the second half
have become an important tool for pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms as they face increasing competition, increased public scrutiny of their business practices and profits, and difficulties discovering new products. A large number of new alliance (217) occurred between pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, probably reflecting pharmaceutical firms' needs for access to new products that the smaller, but more research-intensive, biotechnology firms have been generating. Finally, it appears that
Microorganism or microbe is an organism that is microscopic (Jain, 2010). The study of microorganisms is called microbiology. Microorganism include bacteria, fungi, archae or protists but not strictly viruses and prions, which are generally classified as non-living. Most microorganism are single celled, or unicellular, but some are microscopic and some unicellular protists are visible to the average human. Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in most inhospitable sites across the various ecosystems
agriculture production. It was designed to reduce the amount of pesticide used and increase the yields (Perlak et al., 2001). Among all developing countries, China is often cited as one of the most successful countries that makes use of modern biotechnology and Bt cotton. This research focuses on reexamine the effects of Bt cotton in China and some potential problems. Insect pests, in particular the cotton bollworm, had been a major problem for Chinese cotton farmers in the 1980s. Hydrocarbons like
triggered countless concerns amongst the global leaders and policy makers. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was negotiated at a time when the species loss, pollution levels and climatic changes were reported to be alarmingly high, when biotechnology was demonstrating its new possibilities and when biopiracy had become
the advantages and even though organic food production/cultivating isn't without its downsides, it is proven to be less detrimental to human health and the environment in the long term. In this paper, I will compare and contrast the drawbacks and benefits of using both purely organic and genetically modified foods, drawing from studies concluded both against and in favor of both, concluding to the above mentioned. Organic food, cited in Lewin (2013), is defined by The Department for Agriculture and