The barrel-stave model The first mechanism that would explain the AMP ability to kill bacteria was proposed by Ehrenstein et al . Barrel-stave model formation is derived by hydrophobic match. AMPs accrue as monomers on the surface of bacteria, then creating circle patterns. When binding, they adopt a direction that is parallel to lipid bilayer, coating local areas in a carpet-like fashion . The following action entails the AMPs reorienting perpendicularly, inserting into the bacteria membrane’s lipid core resulting in a form like a barrel whose laths are the α-helical AMPs . Throughout this development, AMPs experience conformational point shift: the AMP’s hydrophobic surfaces face outward, near the membrane’s acyl chains consequently making parallel with the bilayer’s lipid core, while hydrophilic regions create the pore’s interior and face each other.…show more content… The size of pore based on different factors, such as the composition of lipids and lipid/the peptide ratio. Different pores can be structurally formed by maculation which had been mentioned in AMPs previously studies . According to the pore shape, the AMPs including pardaxin, alamethicin, and dermcidin motivate barrel stave pores , whereas, the other AMPs motivating toroidal pore . Within this model, one can see a membrane neither bent nor deformed during insertion process. Undeniably, the AMP inserts within the bilayer via the action of “drilling” the membrane. Moreover, the importance of hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction to the AMPs molecules due to the interaction that occurred with both the head groups and lipid tails . The toroidal pore model In 1999, another model, proposed by Hancock et al. helped to combine the actions of the previous two models (carpet and