daughter collapsed as he yelled for help from her daughter. While her father was still responsive, Susan called 911. However, her father became unresponsive while the emergency medical personnel were still on their way. He had a sudden cardiac arrest and because she did not know how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), she could not help her father before the arrival of the EMT. When the EMT arrived, they started CPR with advance cardiac life support. Although her father responded and was