Bad exploitation of natural resources: The depletion of groundwater resources, including soil salinization Aardhma for any increase in soil salinity and decreases fertility, overgrazing and pollution of surface and ground water and soil. CHAPTER 3: EFFECTS OF DESERTIFICATION • ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS: The loss of biodiversity, soil degradation and thus low productivity and the loss of the ability of ecosystems and humans to adapt to climate change and this
Environmental Security Degradation as a Cause of Conflict Environmental Degradation Consequences: A Threat to Environmental Security The Role of Environmental Degradation in Environmental Security The Landscape of Environmental Changes as a Causes of Conflict in Environmental Security Abstract: The environment is the universally support system on which all other human enterprises depend. If political, economic systems, social, cultural are to remain secure and safe, the environment must
and by selecting right species of plant at right area we can reduce the maintenance needs and cost of road, provides safety for vehicles, improves the overall driving experience of roads, reduce soil erosion. Enhance the drainage aspect of roads as vegetation increase the water infiltration capacity of soil, improves the shear strength of embankments by controlling the moisture content and increase the life of shoulder. Beside all these factors vegetation also cover the environmental aspect such as
majority of Indian soils are deficient in many macro and micro nutrients. However, excessive use of fertilizers
formation, depth, texture, moisture, and infiltration rate and soil capability are the major determinants of land management activities in a watershed. The broad category of land management interventions can be as follows; 13.3.1a. Structural Measures: Structural measures often lead to a change in slope profile and are of long duration or permanent. These measures are carried out primarily to control runoff, wind velocity, and erosion, and to harvest rainwater and are often aligned along the contour
EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION Climate Imbalance Climate will affected from deforestation as trees released the water vapor in the air. This process compromised on with the lack of trees. Trees also provide the required shade that keeps the soil moist. Deforestation will leads to the imbalance in the atmospheric temperature and also disturbing the ecosystem. The imbalanced in ecosystem then affected the habitat of flora and fauna. Besides that, the clearance of forest has forced the animals to shift
several different types of floods. Most communities experience only a few of them. Floods are generally grouped into the following types which are riverine flooding, urban drainage, ground failures, fluctuating lake levels and coastal flooding and erosion. 2.6.1 Riverine Flooding When surface water runoff introduced into streams and rivers exceeds the capacity of the natural or constructed channels to accommodate the flow, water overflows the stream banks, spilling out into adjacent low lying areas
management option to reduce nitrate leaching risks Introduction The use of nitrogen to increase crops yields is widely increased over the last two to three decades and with it, the issue of nitrate leaching has emerged. Nitrogen mineral in soil is not only very important to ensuring good yields in crop production but also excessive nitrogen leaching can lead to contamination of surface and ground water and can further lead to harmful impacts to human health and the natural environment. Regions
nutrients generally added to soils in fertilizers. One of the main roles of P in living organisms is to transfer energy. Organic compounds that contain P are used to transfer energy from one reaction to drive another reaction within cells. Adequate P availability for plants stimulates early plant growth and fastens maturity. (Lowell, 2002) 1.2 THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE The P cycle is identical to various other mineral nutrient cycles in which phosphorus is present in soils and minerals, living beings
2.2 Causes of land use changes Land use change is usually a result of many combined factors arising from different phases of organisation. The combined causes of land use change differ with time, space and environment(Lambin et al., 2003). There are direct causes of land use change which includes population growth, economic growth and initiation of policy, laws ad legislations (Morara et al., 2014). 2.2.1Population growth Population growth has been the fundamental driver of land use change all