humans. Therefore, it is of great importance to acknowledge an enormous value of biological diversity both to present and future generations. However, ecosystems and species have never been under such threat as they are nowadays. Loss of species caused by human activities continues at an alarming rate (CBD, 2014). As a reaction to the seriousness of the problem, in November 1988 the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) brought together experts on biological diversity in order to create the Ad Hoc
the world. Out of these, about 1.4 million species have been identified so far. Each species is adapted to live in specific environment, from mountain peaks to the depth of seas, from polar ice caps to tropical rain forests and deserts. All this diversity of life is confined to only about one kilometre thick layer of lithosphere hydrosphere and atmosphere which form biosphere. Though the study of environment and ecology is quite old, the term biodiversity has been introduced by Walter Rosen in 1986
of biological diversity in the last quarter of 20th Century more than ever before for the sustainability of life on earth. Biological diversity is also understood as a source of food, good health and its indispensability for human development. The pace of destruction of biological diversity due to different anthropogenic reasons and rapid advancements in bio-prospecting has triggered countless concerns amongst the global leaders and policy makers. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was negotiated
survive and produce more offspring." Speciation is "the process in which new genetically distinct species evolve usually as a result of genetic isolation from the main population." (Speciation, 2008) Biodiversity is the variation of life within an ecosystem. Natural selection is important as it relates to biodiversity because genetic variations among a given population will encourage adaptability therefore helping to ensure a species survival. Speciation increases
Introduction: Ecosystem help demonstrate the link between people and nature and the interdependence of our lives on ecosystem-based processes that create the products we need and use daily. Water purification for drinking, water retention, soil fertility, coastal protection are examples of ecosystem from our day to day life. This project on ecosystems briefly describes its’ concept and illustrates how ecosystem considerations change daily our decisions, and why is this behaviour change is important
A case study on the abundance and diversity of insects and other invertebrates on native and introduced trees in Gokarna forest (Ranikunj) Introduction: Forests are considered extremely important habitat as they support a large number of biological diversity, ecological function (Hooper et al., 2005) and also provides various ecosystem services. They support life system of many species out of which 32% species population is occupied by the invertebrates alone (USDA, 2011). Invertebrates are the
Introduction "Save water save life" The Indian subcontinent has a great diversity of geological, topographical and climatic conditions. The general climate is tropical and subtropical barring some of the northern most areas. The Western Ghats and north eastern part of the country receive the maximum rainfall in a year. The diurnal and seasonal temperature is also variable. [Extremes of hot and cold seasons are experienced in northern
species to flourish increasing biodiversity. Opposing this perspective is culling may disrupt the ecosystem. Feral/superabundant animals have in-cooperated themselves into the ecosystem, other flora and fauna had adapted to work with these animals such as predator and prey cycles (Kennedy et al, 2012). If culling occurred, a sudden change of reducing surplus/feral animals may result in an unbalanced ecosystem possibly harming other species. Additionally, Jenkins et al. (2007) and Bolzoni and De Leo (2013)
established Permanent Reserved Forests (PRF) (Tempatan, 2010) . The objectives of NFP is conserve and manage the nation’s forest based on the principles of sustainable management and to protect the environment as well as to conserve biological diversity, genetic resources, and to enhance research and education in Malaysia. According to this policy mangrove forests, both peat swamps and saltwater swamps are identified as permanent reserved forest (Tempatan, 2010). In the National Forest policy 1978
ABSTRACT The role of microorganisms in the decomposition of plant material is of immense importance. A large amount of plant litter is added annually to the soil through leaf fall and death of plants. As the plant materials fall on the ground, they are immediately attacked by various groups of soil microorganisms and soon after, the process of decomposition is initiated. Microorganisms being heterotrophic in their mode of nutrition are responsible for the decay processes and thereby releasing locked