It is clear from both theoretical and empirical literature that social capital is a context specific notion and an outcome of a particular community and locality. And so, studies conducted so far and to be conducted in the future in this area could have their own contribution in enriching the theoretical, methodological, and empirical literature of the subject matter. As indicated above, the theme of social capital has got diminutive attention in the policy framework and strategy of national and
integrity, unified society. The state certainly uses coercion, but it does much more in creating and reproducing the social discourse to maintain the status quo and prevent the other threats from outside. So to say, the global civil society has a capacity to polarize the unified society and this threat to the nation-state as well. For example, the pro-democratic civil society (social movement) in Hong Kong, who imported the democratic value (global norm) from westerns threaten to Beijing challenging
III. Trust and Social Cohesion Social cohesion is the “glue” that holds the society together and it is seen to be the effect of trust and reciprocity. It is linked to the concepts, some say the product - of social and human capital (Heyneman S. , 2002/03). Human capital is embodied in the skills, knowledge and attitudes acquired by an individual. Social capital is the strength which comes from the relations among people. (Coleman, 1988). Those relations within and across the groups are identified
66), suggesting social learning theory as a potential theoretical basis to guide research in this area. Social learning theory posits that an individual’s behavior can be predicted based on two factors: an individual’s expectation that with the performance of a particular behavior a particular reward will ensue and
Fashion & Contemporary Society – Greenwood (2003) describes “Fashion represents perhaps the purest — if also the least noble — form of socially held or engaged cognition, emotion and behavior”. Fashion itself reflects social, economic, political and cultural changes and expresses modernity, symbolizing the spirit of the times (Zegheanu, 2016). Lipovetsky (2002) has compared fashion with democracy as unstable, ephemeral and superficial, but states it as a positive and more workable then a more interdependent
Robert Putnam says this about social capital ‘Whereas physical capital refers to physical objects and human capital refers to the properties of individuals, social capital refers to connections among individuals – social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them. In that sense social capital is closely related to what some have called “civic virtue.” The difference is that “social capital” calls attention to the fact that civic virtue is most powerful when embedded
Clubs should also be understood as a place which is created and re-created. “Places are fusions of human and natural order and are the significant centres of our immediate experiences of the world. Places are not abstractions or concepts, but are directly experienced phenomena of the lived-world and hence are full of meanings, with real objects, and with ongoing activities” (Relph, 1976). Because these meanings and experiences have deep emotional and psychological ties as reflected from people’s
the human, social, and financial capital exist since 1960. The emergence of the concept of the social capital could be seen as a logical development of the concept of the financial capital. Francis Fukuyama mentioned that it is impossible to avoid any social interaction in the financial capital. (Trust p.19) And that is probably the reason why at the end of the 20th the theory of the social capital became one of the most popular in social and economic sciences. The term "social capital" has gained
DEFINITION OF TERMS Human Capabilities Human capability refers to an individual’s capability of achieving a kind of life they consider valuable such as good health, being in loving safe environments and relationships (Sen, 1997). Human Capital Human capital can be defined as knowledge and skills that can be used to create economic value of individuals or their community, which also assists in creating a better social life for the population as large. For example education is an investment in human
3.0: BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE FRAMEWORK As the basis for the subsequent discussion there is a need of certain concepts and definition. These concepts and / or definitions concern the land itself, land use kinds, land qualities and characteristics and land improvements. However, in this text, certain definitions are given in a simplified form so as to make clear. 3.1.0: Land Land can normally be defined as the physical entity in terms of its topography and spatial nature. Land is an area of the earth’s