According to Statistic Canada “The incarceration rate for Aboriginal adults in Canada is estimated to be 10 times higher than the incarceration rate of non-Aboriginal adults. The over-representation of Aboriginal people in Canada’s correctional system continued to grow in the last decade. Since 2000-01, the federal Aboriginal inmate population has increased by 56.2%. Their overall representation rate in the inmate population has increased from 17.0% in 2000-01 to 23.2% today, in 2010-11, Canada’s
meet in a safe and organized setting where they reach an agreement on an appropriate method of repairing the harm. One of the primary goals of our criminal justice system is to rehabilitate the offender. Restorative Justice sets up a space where societal factors that influence people’s behavior can be examined. From the view of Restorative Justice, rehabilitation cannot be reached until the offender acknowledges the harm that has been caused to victims and communities. Then the offender has to make
torative Justice The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) has defined restorative justice as "an evolving response to crime that respects the dignity and equality of each person, builds understanding, and promotes social harmony through the healing of victims, offenders and communities provide an opportunity for victims to obtain reparation, feel safer and seek closure; allows offenders to gain insight into the causes and effects of their behaviour and to take responsibility in a meaningful
Chapter 3 The theories of punishment 1 Introduction Many restorative justice practitioners seem to have a sense that the whole paradigm is so contrary to the way most legal practitioners especially prosecutors and magistrates think, that there is little common ground to be found. Legal practitioners often perceive restorative justice as not taking seriously the fundamental concerns of a criminal justice system. While restorative justice certainly is a very different lens to the one that is usually
by measures such as warnings, cautions and referrals to community programs rather than face the criminal justice system (Public Safety Canada, n.d.). The restorative justice approach for dealing with non-violent young offenders is a restorative process which focuses on reintegration into the community rather than conviction and incarceration. Rather than taking a retributive approach to justice, the punishment and isolation of youth offenders which provides an environment of other criminal offenders
sentencing circles agree to the First Nation communities to engage themselves in their ancient culture, using the traditional form of Aboriginal justice. Sentencing circles normally comprise a multi-step process that includes: (1) a request by the criminal to partake in the course; (2) a restorative group for the target or the victim; (3) a restorative group for the delinquent; (4) a sentencing circle to develop an agreement on the essentials of a punishing plan; and (5) circles to observe the improvement
sentencing options which judges or juries can choose when sentencing a criminal. These options are known as utilitarian sentencing, retributive sentencing and restorative sentencing. In theory, utilitarian sentencing is focused on the future conduct of the criminal, retributive sentencing focuses on punishing the criminal for past conduct and restorative sentencing focuses on criminals reconciling with victims. All three options have good reasons to pursue them; and equally bad reasons not to pursue them
INTRODUCTION The United States criminal justice system has witnessed many drastic changes over the last 40 years, especially in terms of punishment. The rates of incarceration in the U.S. have increased ten-fold since the 1970s when the U.S. began to rely on incapacitation as the primary means of dealing with crime, establishing a system of punishment focused on incarcerating those violate the law at rapid (and alarming) rates while favoring a strong, law-and-order approach to crime. The issue in
Social psychologists have used a functional approach to explain why people volunteer. The premise is that people can be differentially motivated to engage in the same behavior; thus, volunteering can serve different functions for each individual. Clary, Snyder, and Ridge (1998) proposed a theory in which six motives (values, understanding, career, social, protective, and enhancement), measured using the Volunteer Functions Inventory, regulate volunteers’ motivations. (Souza, & Dhami, 2008) Values