countries is a major cause of death. After declining in incidence for a number of years, it has begun to increase in frequency, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. This is primarily because of the AIDS epidemic. Ninety percent of the cases of tuberculosis diagnosed are pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis was well known in classical Greece, where it was called phthisis. Hippocrates clearly recognized tuberculosis and understood its clinical presentation