Pathophysiology Of Osteoporosis

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Pathophysiology: It is increasingly being recognized that multiple pathogenetic mechanisms interact in the development of the osteoporotic state. Bone is continually remodeled in our lives in response to micro trauma. Bone remodeling occurs at discrete sites within the skeleton and proceeds in an orderly fashion, and bone resorption is always followed by bone formation, a phenomenon referred to as coupling. The composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix is what imparts mechanical properties to bone. Osteoclasts, which are derived from mesenchymal cells, are responsible for bone resorption, whereas osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation. The two types of cells are dependent on each other for production and is linked in…show more content…
Furthermore, in periods of rapid remodeling, after menopause, bone has an increased risk for fracture because the newly produced bone is less densely mineralized, the resorption sites are temporarily unfilled, and the isomerization and maturation of collagen are impaired. Bone mass usually peaks around the third decade of one’s life and slowly decreases afterward. A failure to attain optimal bone strength by this point is a major factor that contributes to osteoporosis, which explains why some young postmenopausal women have low bone mineral density and why some others have osteoporosis. Hence, nutrition and physical activity are important during growth and development. Nevertheless, hereditary factors also play a critical role in determining an individual's peak bone strength. In fact, genetics account for up to 80% of the variance in peak bone mass between…show more content…
Under physiologic conditions, bone formation and resorption are in a fair balance. A change in this, that is increased bone resorption or decreased bone formation, may result in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis can be caused both by a failure to build bone and reach peak bone mass as a young adult and by bone loss later in life. Accelerated bone loss can be affected by hormonal status, as it occurs in post-menopausal women. Aging and loss of gonadal function are the 2 most important factors contributing to the development of osteoporosis. Studies have shown that bone loss in women accelerates rapidly in the first years after menopause. Estrogen deficiency not only accelerates bone loss in postmenopausal women but also plays a role in bone loss in men. Estrogen deficiency can lead to excessive bone resorption accompanied by inadequate bone
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