learning theories of it. Moreover, I have included the explanation for how the two major theories and the sub theories that can be applied in the real world of teaching. The two major learning theories are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Behaviourism Behaviourism also known as the behaviourist approach which concerns about the behavior that can be observed. According to this theory learning is based on the idea that all the behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning
Cognitive process assumes that people are conscious, active participants in how and what they learn. Cognitive theory of learning assumes that any individual learns the meaning of various objects, events and learned responses depending on the meaning assigned to each of the stimuli. Wolfgang Kohler showed that a protracted process of trial-and-error may be replaced
behavior of a person and any kind of change in the way an organism behaves is learning. Learning Theories: Classical Conditioning theory: Conditioning is process of learning associations between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses. Classical conditioning theory put forward by Pavlov (1927) shows how a behaviour or response that already exists can become associated with a new stimulus. It
OPERANT CONDITIONING WILLIAM WRIGHT GRANTHAM UNIVERSITY In this paper I will discuss the way that teacher can influence their students by either providing positive reinforcement to those students who do what they are supposed to do and punish the students who do not. I will define things like positive reinforcement as well as negative reinforcement. I will give the definitions of punishment as well as giving examples of how each of these may apply in everyday life. To begin
Punishment : B.F. Skinner used positive punishment in his theory of operant conditioning. Positive punishment is when a negative consequence is given after an undesired behaviour is displayed. This is supposed to decrease the undesired behaviour. This type of reinforcement is most effective if the punishment happens right after the undesired behaviour. Negative Punishment : Negative punishment was also part of B.F. Skinners theory of operant conditioning. Negative punishment is when something that is desirable
Learning and Cognitive Theory Introduction Cognitive Learning Theory explains various things regarding brain like why the brain is most incredible network of information processing and interpretation in body as we start to learn things. The word 'learning' usually mean 'to think using the brain'. This is the basic concept of learning. This theory is used to explain mental processes. Learning and Cognitive theories imply that by analyzing mental processes first, different learning processes can be
intelligence theory and the multiple intelligences theory. This model of intelligence proposes that there is a ‘g factor’ or general intelligence factor which was taken from Carroll’s original model. In the CHC model the general intelligence factor is made up of many different cognitive abilities. The piece that was taken from the Cattell&Horn model was the idea that there are two main types of intelligence: fluid intelligence and crystalized intelligence. The blend of the two theories makes up the
are out of the country she serves as the guardian for her other siblings. She told me that after giving birth on her, her mom did not have any hard time on breast feeding, her mother was able to feed her without any problem, according to Sullivan's theory of particular importance are the personifications of the caring, nurturing good mother. For Sullivan, the oral stage is about eating: the infant gets hungry, and can satisfy that hunger through nursing at its mother's breast. Just as there are it
And this is what we call the expectancy value theory. " the basic idea underlying expectancy-value theory is that motivated behavior results from the combination of individual needs and the value of goals available in the environment. For example, if you want to give an employee who loves football a ticket for a scientific exhibition
2.1 Definition and Conceptof Performance Appraisal Performance appraisal is the systematic appraisal of an individual with respect to his or her performance on the job and his or her potential for progress in that job. Thus, performance appraisal is anorganized and objective way of appraising the relativevalue or ability of amember of staff in performing his job. The two aspects of performance appraisal measured to be important are systematic and objective. The appraisal is said to be systematic