petrochemical industries[1]. The extensive use of surfactants that spans across a multitude of industries and their subsequent release in the environment has made it imperative to ascertain the effects of these widely used agents on human health and ecological systems. Unfortunately, almost all aspects of the environment like water bodies, soil, microorganisms, aquatic living systems etc. come into contact with the discharged surface active agents and get adversely
issues). The presence of oil layer on the surface will cause some aquatic organisms to die because they cannot get adequate amount of oxygen. Detergents in river water can cause huge problems to aquatic organisms. Detergents can destroy mucus layers that protect fish from bacteria and parasites, and can damage the gills of the fish (Detergents occurring in freshwater, n.d.). Detergents also will reduce the breeding ability of the aquatic organisms in the river. Besides, detergents will reduce surface
limitations that includes physical and chemical factors. Firstly, one of the most important physical factors that plays an important role in biodegradation is the temperature as the temperature is very vital for the activity of the biodegradable microorganism at the oceans as well as affecting the composition of the petroleum hydrocarbons. It is important to note that as the temperature decreases, the rate of the hydrocarbon degradation also decreases thus making the process of removal of petroleum
Subglacial lakes are bodies of water that lie at the base of an ice sheet and are thought to be formed due to the basal melting of the ice sheets. . The first Antarctic subglacial lake was identified by glaciologist Gordon de Quetteville Robin with the aid of radio-echo sounding (RES). Robin “… suggested that a rise from temperatures below melting point at the base of ice sheets may provide an explanation of the occasional catastrophic advances of certain glaciers” [], after investigating temperature
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Biochemical Oxygen Demand is a standard test used to find the degree of organic pollution of water. Biochemical Oxygen Demand is defined as the amount of oxygen absorbed by microorganisms to decompose organic matter such as such as plant residues, lawn clippings, leaves, corn stalks and straw, manures, sludge, wood and food processing wastes, and green manures. For example, bacteria will decompose organic matter by consuming the dissolved oxygen in the water. If there
INTRODUCTION Water is one of the most important part of which man has been exploited than any other resource for the sustenance of life. The evaporation and precipitation continuously purify the water; pollution of water has been generated as one of the most significant environmental problems in recent years. The unique properties water i.e. physical, chemical & biological which make it is universal solvent and a renewable resource, also make it a substance with greater tendency to get polluted.
and medical institutions. An article indicated that “in the piles of rubbish are syringes, surgical blades and bloodied swabs from hospitals classified under the Basel Convention as hazardous waste because they can spread pathogens and harmful microorganisms. And when they burn it, It causes bacteria pollutants into the air.” In Majengo for instance, there is the Gikomba market which is a second-hand clothes market. The traders don’t have a clean toilet to use; there are a number of toilets run
the property of lubricants without the use of additives. A finished lubricants consist of around eight additives but it may range from five to fifteen (Depends on requirement). Majority of additives are less toxic, some of them may be harmful to aquatic organism but most of them shows very less solubility in water hence the environmental risk can be minimized if the additives are handled as per the manufacturer’s directive or recommendation. But those additives which are derived from physiological
society in many ways to protect human and the environment from the deleterious effects of toxicants. It involves the study of internal and external exposures to
This water temperature increase has taken place in the deep ocean as well where in the span of thirty years, it has increased by 0.17°C. Water temperature increases have devastating effects on the marine ecosystems such coral reefs, where the microorganisms responsible for the production of coral are under