Health inequalities/disparities as said by Margaret Whitehead (1990, 106.107) that “health differences are not only unnecessary and avoidable but, in addition, are considered unfair and unjust”1. The complicated and overlapping structures in the society and economy are responsible for most of the health inequalities. These systems include the physical and social environment, health system and various societal elements. Among these, Social Determinants of Health (SDH) are identified to be the main
of the health of ethnic minorities. We see this issue recurring amongst Indigenous Australians, migrants and refugees. Racism refers to the beliefs, practices and types of behaviours that underlie unfair and avoidable inequalities towards groups in society based on race, ethnicity, culture or religion (Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), 2015). There are a number of aspects of health that racism and racial discrimination can provoke and these include mental health, physical health, disability
base from which we seek to understand patients and their health problems and from which we plan interventions to help them” (Zaccagnini & White, 2017, p. 14). Theories are necessary for nursing research and practice. Utilizing a theory that is congruent with the program’s goal will help guide and provide structure to the project leaders throughout the implementation process. The nursing theory chosen for the osteoporosis program is the health promotion model (HPM). The HPM was published by Nola Pender
found to contribute positively to the general health of study participants. However, only very few known significant study on gratitude interventions have been carried out in Africa, particularly in the Kenyan context. The present study examined the effectiveness of gratitude interventions for improving the general health of married women in Karen area. The purpose of this study was to find out if gratitude intervention can improve the general health of married women in Karen area. Married women