Examples Of Communication Strategies

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1. Communication Strategy a. An Overview on Communication Strategies In the field of language teaching and learning, early CS studies involved the definition and classification of CS. The notion of CS was first introduced by Selinker (1972) in his paper “Interlanguage.” In the same year, Savignon (1972) published a research report in which she emphasised the importance of “coping strategies” used in second language teaching and testing. She used the term “coping strategies” to refer to CS. Their papers provide background for much of the future researches of CS. An early example of CS was provided by Varadi (in Faerch and Kasper, 1983: 159-174). He mentioned message adjustment as a trategy used by language learners. The concept of CS was further…show more content…
In oral communication, the communication is represented in utterances produced by both the speaker and the hearer. The process of communication itself will run smoothly if the parties involved in communication are fluently sail from one idea to the next without hesitation. In fact, communication is sometimes shattered by some gaps due to incomplete knowledge of language. The gap can be in the form of a word, a structure, a phrase, a tense marker, and, even, an idiom (Byalistok, 1990: 1). Meanwhile, Scarcella, Andersen, and Krashen (1990: 338-350) argue that what hinders communication are the lack exposure to the target language to develop competence in communication, lateness of the target language learning, lack of motivation, and the culture of the target language. Although the conversation encounters this problem, the interlocutors should try to make it up by doing some efforts (Byalistok, 1990: 1). Thus, the efforts is called…show more content…
Corder in Dornyei (1995: 56) states that CS is a systematic technique employed by a speaker to express his or her meaning when faced with some difficulty. Then, Littlewood (1984: 46) adds that CS is the way a speaker takes to cope with communication problems. Meanwhile, Mitchell and Myles define them as tactics used by the non-fluent learner during L2 interaction, in order to overcome specific communicative problems (1998: 94). Further, Byalistok (1990: 1) states that CS is the attempt to overcome communication
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