Cardiac hypertrophy – This is when the heart increases in size and volume. The wall of the left ventricle of the heart gets thicker which can increase the force of contraction.
Increase in stroke volume – Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped with each heart beat. It is measured in milliliters of blood per beat. Every time the heart beats, blood is leaves from the left ventricle and out into the blood vessels. Each beat of the heart pushes oxygenated blood through the body to all body tissues. This causes the contractions to be stronger and therefore more blood is pumped with each heart beat.
Increase cardiac output – Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute and is measured in L/min. Cardiac output is a…show more content… This is due to capillarisation (as described above).
Reduction in resting blood pressure – Exercise increases blood pressure during an activity, it then returns to normal after exercise. The faster it returns to normal the more aerobically fit a person is likely to be. Regular exercise can decrease resting blood pressure for those who suffer from hypertensive (high blood pressure) people.
Decreased recovery time – heart rate recovery is a measure of how much the rate falls during the first minute after exercise. The quicker the heart rate returns to its normal level, the fitter a person is.
Increased aerobic fitness – when exercise is performed over a period of weeks or months, the body adapts. Regular exercise causes physiological changes to occur, which improve the body’s ability to exercise efficiently, for longer and with a higher intensity.
Muscular system
Muscle hypertrophy – is when the muscles increase in size and bulk. It is caused by an increase in contractile proteins (Actin & Myosin) within the muscle cell so that they can contract with greater force this is known as muscle