Themes of uncertainty and paranoia are present in Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? and Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner because of both texts’ transmutation of abstract empathy into concrete objects, which paradoxically defines and obscures the dividing line between them. In Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, empathy is established as the basis for humanity through the use of the Voigt-Kampff test and the empathy box. The Voigt-Kampff machine is the standard for