an infectious disease of herbivores caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. People generally become infected through contact with, or ingestion of, Bacillus anthracis spores from infected animals or their products. Anthrax spores are extremely resistant to inactivation by heat or chemicals, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, and can survive in the environment for decades(Disease & Disease 2007). Studies have shown that even 50 year old vial of anthrax spores can give rise to live
growth, and (2) Sources of metabolic energy. Classification of Bacteria 1-According to shape: Bacteria are generally classified by many methods. The simplest and oldest method is by shape. The four principal categories are: Bacilli (singular: Bacillus), rod-shaped bacteria; the most numerous of all types. They include coccobacilli and streptobacilli. Cocci (singular: Coccus), spherical bacteria. This group is divided into bacteria that occur in pairs, such as the diplococci; in clusters, such
1.6.1 Anti-adhesive properties Biofilms are of great attention in many industries such as medical and food because bacteria colonize medical devices and food processing surfaces by changing their properties (Zeraik and Nitschke, 2010). One of the very important applications of bio-surfactants is their role as anti-adhesive agents to pathogens, making them useful for treating many diseases and as therapeutic and probiotic agents. Bio-surfactants not only prevent adhesion of bacteria to the surfaces