African American Women In Leadership

976 Words4 Pages
Occupation, educational background and environment in which people develop profoundly shapes the direction in which their career path with follow. Traditional leadership theories focused on males who assumed positions of power and authority in dominant culture organizations (Parker & Ogilvie, 1996). This predominant model was based on a White-male hierarchical model of control and competitive behavior (Loden, 1985). Since White men were the ones who managed organizations successfully, White women and women of color were not considered; they were invisible. Women make up 51 percent of the United States population and 46 percent of the workforce; further 60 percent of women are now in the labor force compared to 74 percent for men (United…show more content…
The majority of the exploration has been accomplished with women at lower levels or in small organizations, as well as how gender might influence leadership (Waring, 2003). While some scholars have studied African American female leaders from a sociological perspective, few studies have researched how race and gender interacts to inform their leadership development (Collins, 1990; Stanley, 2009; Byrd, 2009). African American women have early history encounters unique in relation to those of other ladies and also not the same as the encounters of African American men. Historically, Black women’s major roles were housekeepers, cooks, and nannies for the White race and caretakers for their own husbands. Thus, the double jeopardy of racism and sexism was born for African American women, according to Howard-Hamilton (2003), when their “subordinate status was assumed and enforced by White and Black men as well as White…show more content…
Consequently, these hypotheses are lacking for clarifying leadership in appreciation to power and impact with an interlocking arrangement of race, sex, and social class. Bringing this interlocking framework to the conversation, adds another viewpoint to the phenomenon that is not tended to in customary dialogue. Furthermore, hypothesis building research that clarifies the difficulties AAW leaders in primarily White associations confront in regards to the consolidated impacts of race, sex, and social class is seriously needing. Therefore, research and hypothesis is expected to clarify how the generally underestimated status of AAW leaders regarding race, sex, and social class interfaces with force and impact in such settings. Critical race theory (CRT) (Bell, 1993; Delgado, 1995; Ladson-Billings & Tate, 1995) evolved during the 1960s, a period of social unrest in the United States (Crenshaw, 2002). CRT is a socio-cultural theory focused around the idea of the social development and reality of
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