Surfactants are substances that are adsorbed onto the surface/interface of a system and alter the surface/interfacial energy of the same. They generally consist of two parts, hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail. Surfactants can be classified on the basis of effect, origin, structure and applications and can be further sub classified on the basis of chemical structure as anionic, cationic, non-ionic and zwitterionic surfactants [21]. Anionic surfactants have negatively charged head group and positively
low final temperature, significant COD, BOD5 and TOC reduction, no sludge formation and potential cost effectiveness. Moreover these techniques show facility and precision on control of the electrochemical process (since the electron is the main reagent) and a compact design [33]. Therefore, the feasibility of electrochemical oxidation of organic substrates in textile wastewater is attracted much attention since pioneering studies to the present days [34, 35]. The feasibility of electrochemical degradation
BIOFUELS Two problems roused the world’s concern in recent years. One is energy crisis caused by the squandering of petroleum fuel. Second problem is environmental problems such as greenhouse effect, global warming, etc. To deal with such problems, renewable sources, utilization technology and bioenergy production technology have been developed. Bioethanol as one of the biofuel can be blended in different proportions in automobiles with gasoline. Biobutanol is also a new biofuel (Liu, Wang, & Zhang