Practical 1
Urinalysis - Chemical Method ( Reagent Test Strips)
Objective
To measure pH and specific gravity of a urine specimen.
To detect the presence of glucose, ketone, bilirubin, protein, blood, nitrate and urobilinogen in a urine specimen.
Introduction Urinalysis is test where urine being evaluated and used to detect a wide range of disorder. Urine test strip is the basic diagnostic tool for diagnose disorder in urine. There are nine important parameter which able for medical lab technologist to diagnose disorder which able detect from urine. These are pH, specific gravity, glucose, ketone, bilirubin, protein, blood, nitrate and urobilinogen. The pH of the urine is normally range between 4.5 to 8.0. The urine before food is…show more content… Part of urobilinogen is reabsorbed in the intestine then circulated in the blood to liver where it is excreted. Only small part of this recirculated urobilinogen is filtered out by the kidney and appears in urine. The deterioration in the liver function reduced the ability to process the recirculated urobilinogen. When hemolytic disorders occur the amount of unconjugated bilirubin that is present in the blood increases causing an increase in hepatic excretion of conjugated bilirubin, resulting in increased amounts of urobilinogen that in turn causes an increase in reabsorption, recirculation and renal excretion.
Material
Disposable reagent test strips
Apparatus
A fresh urine specimen collected in a clean container (no preservatives)
Test tubes
Pipettors
Procedure
A fresh urine specimen is collected in a clean and dry container. Make sure there is only midstream urine be collected.
Some urine is pipetted into the test tube.
A reagent strip is briefly immersed into the test tube and make sure all reagent areas are…show more content… This is because vigorous workout increases the breakdown of glucose, water is to enable the flushing of the excessive breakdown glucose in our body. When the body lacking of water after vigorous exercise and body do not received any source of water, the glucose will store in urine. Therefore, high content of glucose in the urine indicates high specific gravity of the urine.
Food and drinks that ingestion, medications, breathing rate and stress can affect the pH of urine. This is because the acidity or alkaline source which intake are shift the pH of the body. For instance, when someone under stressful situation, the hormone tend to secreted and released to balanced. This will lead to more acidic in the blood pH. When the blood acid-base balance is being regulated, the excess acid will pass to the urine and await to flush out of the body. The pH of the urine depends on the consumption and condition of individual.
Conclusion
The urine specimen received is yellowish and slightly cloudy. The urine is slightly acidic and show positive to